Desafíos actuales de la Inteligencia Artificial

252 Desafíos actuales de la Inteligencia Artificial regulation seeks to combine its innovation and competitiveness agenda with ethical and safety objectives (Paul, 2023). In a specific analysis of “high risk”, which is the focus of most of the regulation, although Art. 3 of the Regulation provides some concepts, the Regulation doesn’t address it compre- hensively. Legal scholar work has been vocal about how the next steps should be towards As for the high-risk sphere , its semiotic articulation and regulation serve to provide legal certainty and reduce potential liability risks for harms for those seeking to innovate and de- ploy AI systems which might violate individual rights. The Commission creates a space for “safe” and tightly checked innovation, including in the public sector, both through the narrow scoping of the high-risk sphere to a limited number of applications and through concrete instruments such as the conformity assessment and CE label (Paul, 2023). Therefore, we present seven cases of current automated or AI systems that assess social security benefits. Current social security benefits assessment 1 Country/ Region Incident Description Consequences Netherlands Incident 101 Family allowance system falsely accused thousands of beneficiaries of fraud. Since 2013, 26,000 inno- cent families were wrong- fully accused, forced to repay amounts, leading to financial ruin and psy- chological harm. The error was partly due to a discriminatory algorithm treating having a second nationality as a risk factor. Parliamentary inquiry commission published the final report “Ongekend onrecht”. Prime Minister Mark Rutte and his cab- inet resigned in January 2021. 1 The spreadsheet presented has some data taken from the Artificial Intelligence Incident Database, duly refe- renced at the end, which is an initiative that collects and documents incidents related to the use of artificial intelligence. The platform aims to increase transparency and accountability around the development and use of AI by providing information on failures, ethical problems and other challenges associated with this technology.